史上最全工程造价常用名词及解释，应有尽有！
<p style="text-align: center; border: none; outline: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; user-select: text !important;"></p><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 0.1em; border: 1px solid rgb(71, 193, 168); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; border-radius: 50%; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; line-height: 1; font-size: 2em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bolder; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(71, 193, 168); user-select: text !important;">1</section><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin-left: 0.3em; border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; user-select: text !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; font-size: 21px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(42, 52, 58); user-select: text !important;">定额里难理解的名词解释</section></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1、折灰口：</strong>是指门窗框的上下框与抹灰面平的走头,裁割50px。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2、横档木：</strong>是指两个窗作竖向组合时,在两窗之间需设的横枋，其作用是使两个窗框连接牢固。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3、窗框框料块数：</strong>是指木制窗按横直连接的整块料来计算的数量。如果中立框被横框隔断时，中立框仍按不被隔断的块数计算框数。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">4、组合窗进框式：</strong>是指中悬窗扇关闭后，扇梃全部进入窗框裁口之内的一种木制组合窗。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">5、组合窗靠框式：</strong>是指中悬窗扇关闭后，扇下冒靠在窗框之外，扇下冒底面与窗下框顶面一般交错15mm，窗下框不裁口的一种组合窗。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">6、暖气罩靠墙式：</strong>是指将暖气罩设置在墙壁龛之内，外钉钢丝网的形式。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">7、暖气罩明式：</strong>是指不留壁龛，将暖气罩设置在墙面之外，顶面设有62.5px厚的木板的形式。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">8、游沿木亦称游檐木：</strong>是指木制楼地楞木下面的通长垫木。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">9、地面垫层：</strong>是指传布地面荷重至地基上的构造层。一般用混凝土或砖渣、炉渣、碎石、卵石等三合土或四合土做成，也有用灰土的。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">10、间壁墙：</strong>是指建筑物室内主墙间修建的不起承重作用的一种间断墙，一般修建在已作好的混凝土或其他面层上，所以在计算地面面层工程量时，不扣除间壁所占的面积。</section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">11、冷底子油：</strong>是指由30号或10号沥青或软化点为50—70℃的煤焦油脂掺人有机溶剂(煤油或汽油)制成的溶液。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">12、屋面的正脊：</strong>又叫瓦屋面的大脊，是指在两头山墙尖同一直线上的屋面脊。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">13、屋面的山脊：</strong>是指在山墙上面的屋面所做的瓦脊或用红(青)砖砌筑的山脊。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">14、屋面的斜沟又叫阴沟：</strong>是指屋面瓦面与瓦面交接处的排水沟。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">15、屋面的瓦翼线：</strong>是指在山脊上飘出山墙的瓦面。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">16、架空隔热层：</strong>是指在钢筋混凝土平屋面上架设的隔热板。一般用标准砖砌砖墩，在砖墩上铺设预制细石钢筋混凝土隔热板。其作用在于疏通空气以散热，为屋面隔热。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">17、散水坡：</strong>是指在靠外墙四周的斜形坡。可以用块料，或用混凝土，或用碎石、卵石四合土，或用砖渣、炉渣三合土等捣成，用以泄水的护坡。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">18、天沟：</strong>是指屋面上用来泄水的沟槽。有倾斜和水平两种，倾斜的称斜沟。它用来汇集屋面流下的雨水，引入水斗或雨水管，一般用镀锌铁皮等做成。钢筋混凝土屋面的天沟(檐沟)，用钢筋混凝土做成。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">19、雨水管：</strong>又称落水管、水落管或流筒。是指引泄屋面雨水至地面或地下排水系统的竖管。用石棉水泥管塑料管或铸铁管或镀锌铁皮做成。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">20、水斗：</strong>是指用采汇集和调节白天沟流下的雨水至雨水管的配件。一般用镀锌铁皮、石棉水泥等做成<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">21、低温厂库：</strong>是指室内温度在-40℃—+5℃以内的厂库房。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">22、保温层：</strong>是指减少地面与楼面导热性的构造层。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">23、基土：</strong>是指地面垫层以下的土层(包括地基加强层)。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">24、三合土：</strong>是指用石灰、砂、碎砖或炉渣加水拌和后经浇灌夯实而成的结构材料。一般用作地面垫层等。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">25、找平层：</strong>是指在各种垫层上，钢筋混凝土板上或轻质、松散材剩(隔声隔热)层上起抹平、找坡或加固作用的构造层。一般用1:3或1:4的水泥砂浆。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">26、结合层：</strong>是指联结面层与其下层的中间层，有时亦作为面层的弹性底层。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">27、面层：</strong>是指直接承外力的表面层，分为整体面层或块料面层两种。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">28、屋顶：</strong>是指房屋的最上部分，起挡风雨、防寒、隔热的围护作用。通常由屋面、屋顶承受结构、保温层或隔热层以及顶棚等组成。根据屋顶形式一般分为平屋顶、坡屋顶(如两坡屋顶、四坡屋顶、歇山屋顶、折腰屋顶等)和曲面屋顶(如园屋顶、折板屋顶、筒拱屋顶、双曲屋顶、悬索屋顶、马鞍形屋顶、扭壳屋顶等)<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">29、屋面：</strong>是指屋顶的面层，直接受大自然的侵袭。屋面材料一般用各种瓦、油毡、铁皮、塑料、橡胶等。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">30、柔性防水屋面：</strong>是指用柔性材料制作防水面层的屋面工程。一般的作法是在钢筋混凝土屋顶上，用石油沥青或其他胶结材料粘贴两层油毛毡或其他卷材，使之形成一个满铺防水面层的屋面。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">31、刚性防水屋面：</strong>是指用刚性材料制作防水面层的屋面工程。一般的作法是在钢筋混凝土屋面板上作水泥砂浆找平层，干铺油毡隔离层，浇捣细石混凝土防水层和分格缝等作为防水面层<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">32、引条线：</strong>由于外墙面抹灰面积较大，为防止因材料干缩和温度变化引起面层开裂和满足施工接搓需要要，可将抹灰面层做分隔处理，称为引条线<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">33、踢脚线：</strong>在墙与楼地面的交接处.为了遮盖地面与墙面的接缝.保护墙身，以及防止擦洗地面时弄脏墙面，常做成高120-150mm的的踢脚线。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">34、贴面类墙面装修：</strong>它是利用各种天然石板或人造板、块。通过绑、挂或直接粘贴等方法对墙面进行的装修处理。此种饰面具有耐久、施工方便、质量局、装饰效果好、易清洗等优点。常用的贴面材料有瓷砖、面砖、锦砖和预制水刷石、水磨石板以及花岗岩、大理石等天然石板<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">35、涂刷类墙面装修：</strong>它是利用各种涂料徐敷干墙体基层表面而形成完整牢固的保护膜，起到对墙体保护、装饰作用的装修做法。涂料分为有机涂料和无机涂料两类。</section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">36、裱糊类地面装修：</strong>它是将各种装饰性的墙纸、墙布织锦等卷材类装饰材料，用黏结剂裱糊在墙面上的一种装修做法。其材料和花色品种很多.主要有Pvc(聚氯乙烯)塑料墙纸、玻璃纤维墙布及其他墙纸、墙布等。裱糊类墙面装修具有经济、施工简单、材料更换方便等优点。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">37、铺钉类墙面装修：</strong>它在构造上与骨架隔墙相似.是把各种天然或人造薄板铺钉在墙面上的装修做法。它由骨架和面板两部分组成.在施工时在墙面上立骨架(墙筋)，然后在骨架上铺钉装饰面板。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">38、楼板层：</strong>包括底层地面与楼层地面两大部分，是楼房建筑中的水平承重构件，同时还兼有在竖向划分建筑内部空间的功能。楼板承担建筑的楼面荷载.并把这些荷载传给墙或梁同时还对墙体起到水平支撑的作用。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">39、地坪：</strong>它是建筑底层房间与下部土层相接触的部分，它承担着底层房间的地面荷载。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">40、楼板的基本组成</strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">(1)面层又称楼面或地面.位于楼板层的最上层，起着保护楼板、承受并传递荷载的作用同时对室内有很重要的清洁及装饰作用<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">(2)楼板是楼板层的结构层。一般包括梁和板。主要功能在于承受楼板层上全部静、动荷载并将这些荷载传给梁或柱.同时还对墙体起水平支撑作用，增强房屋刚度和整体性<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">(3)顶棚是楼板层的下面部分。土要作用是保护楼板.遮挡各种水平管线.改善室内光照条件，装饰美化室内空间。根据构造不同，有抹灰顶棚、粘贴类顶棚和吊顶棚三种<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">注：</strong>当底层地面和楼层地面的基本构造层次不能满足使用或构造要求时，可增设附加层如结合层、找平层、隔离层、防潮层、填充层、垫层等具他构造层次。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【结合层】</strong>面层下面与其构造层之间的连接层。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【找平层】</strong>比地层或楼板面上进行抹平找坡的构造层。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【隔离层】</strong>防止建筑地面]：各种液体或地下水、潮气透过地面的构造殷。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【防潮层】</strong>防止建筑地篡或楼层地问F潮气透过地面的构造柱。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【填充层】</strong>在钢筋混凝上楼板上设置.起隔声、保温、找坡或暗敷管线等作用的构造层<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【垫层】</strong>在建筑地基上设置，承受并传递上部荷载的构造层</p><p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; user-select: text !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 0.1em; border: 1px solid rgb(71, 193, 168); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; border-radius: 50%; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; line-height: 1; font-size: 2em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bolder; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(71, 193, 168); user-select: text !important;">2</section><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin-left: 0.3em; border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; user-select: text !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; font-size: 21px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(42, 52, 58); user-select: text !important;">建筑常用名词</section></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0.8em 1em; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; font-size: 1em; box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 0.6em; line-height: 1.4; user-select: text !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1、 什么是容积率？</strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">答：容积率是项目总建筑面积与总用地面积的比值。一般用小数表示。 <br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2、 什么是建筑密度？</strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">答：建筑密度是项目总占地基地面积与总用地面积的比值。一般用百分数表示。 <br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3、 什么是绿地率（绿化率）？ </strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">答：绿地率是项目绿地总面积与总用地面积的比值。一般用百分数表示。 <br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0.8em 1em; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; font-size: 1em; box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 0.6em; line-height: 1.4; user-select: text !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">4、 什么是日照间距？ </strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">答：日照间距，就是前后两栋建筑之间，根据日照时间要求所确定的距离。日照间距的计算，一般以冬至这一天正午正南方向房屋底层窗台以上墙面，能被太阳照到的高度为依据。 <br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">5、 建筑物与构筑物有何区别？ </strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">答：凡供人们在其中生产、生活或其他活动的房屋或场所都叫做建筑物，如公寓、厂房、学校等；而人们不在其中生产或生活的建筑，则叫做构筑物，如烟囱、水塔、桥梁等。</section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0.8em 1em; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; font-size: 1em; box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 0.6em; line-height: 1.4; user-select: text !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">6、 什么是建筑“三大材”？ </strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">答：建筑“三大材”指的是钢材、水泥、木材。 <br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">7、 建筑安装工程费由哪三部分组成？ </strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">答：建筑安装工程费由人工费、材料费、机械费三部分组成。</section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0.8em 1em; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; font-size: 1em; box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 0.6em; line-height: 1.4; user-select: text !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">8、 什么是统一模数制？什么是基本模数、扩大模数、分模数？</strong> <br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: normal; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">答：</p><p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: normal; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">（1）、所谓统一模数制，就是为了实现设计的标准化而制定的一套基本规则，使不同的建筑物及各分部之间的尺寸统一协调，使之具有通用性和互换性，以加快设计速度，提高施工效率、降低造价。</p>（2）、基本模数是模数协调中选用的基本尺寸单位，用M表示，1M=100mm。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">（3）、扩大模数是导出模数的一种，其数值为基本模数的倍数。扩大模数共六种，分别是3M（300mm）、6M（600mm）、12M（1200mm）、 15M（1500mm）、30M（3000mm）、60M（6000mm）。建筑中较大的尺寸，如开间、进深、跨度、柱距等，应为某一扩大模数的倍数。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">（4）、分模数是导出模数的另一种，其数值为基本模数的分倍数。分模数共三种，分别是1/10M（10mm）、1/5M（20mm）、1/2M（50mm）。建筑中较小的尺寸，如缝隙、墙厚、构造节点等，应为某一分模数的倍数。</section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0.8em 1em; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; font-size: 1em; box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 0.6em; line-height: 1.4; user-select: text !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">9、 什么是标志尺寸、构造尺寸、实际尺寸？ </strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: normal; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">答：</p><p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: normal; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">（1）、标志尺寸是用以标注建筑物定位轴线之间（开间、进深）的距离大小，以及建筑制品、建筑构配件、有关设备位置的界限之间的尺寸。标志尺寸应符合模数制的规定。</p>（2）、构造尺寸是建筑制品、建筑构配件的设计尺寸。构造尺寸小于或大于标志尺寸。一般情况下，构造尺寸加上预留的缝隙尺寸或减去必要的支撑尺寸等于标志尺寸。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">（3）、实际尺寸是建筑制品、建筑构配件的实有尺寸。实际尺寸与构造尺寸的差值，应为允许的建筑公差数值。</section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0.8em 1em; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; font-size: 1em; box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 0.6em; line-height: 1.4; user-select: text !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">10、 什么是定位轴线？ </strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">答：定位轴线是用来确定建筑物主要结构或构件的位置及其标志尺寸的线。 <br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">11、 什么是横向、纵向？什么是横向轴线、纵向轴线？ </strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: normal; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">答：</p><p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: normal; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">（1）、横向，指建筑物的宽度方向。</p>（2）、纵向，指建筑物的长度方向。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">（3）、沿建筑物宽度方向设置的轴线叫横向轴线。其编号方法采用阿拉伯数字从左至右编写在轴线圆内。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">（4）、沿建筑物长度方向设置的轴线叫纵向轴线。其编号方法采用大写字母从上至下编写在轴线圆内（其中字母I、O、Z不用）。</section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0.8em 1em; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; font-size: 1em; box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 0.6em; line-height: 1.4; user-select: text !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">12、 什么是房屋的开间、进深？ </strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">答：开间指****屋的面宽，及两条横向轴线之间的距离；进深指****屋的深度，及两条纵向轴线之间的距离。 <br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">13、 什么是层高？什么是净高？</strong> <br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">答：层高指建筑物的层间高度，及本层楼面或地面至上一层楼面或地面的高度；净高指房间的净空高度，及地面至天花板下皮的高度</section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0.8em 1em; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; font-size: 1em; box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 0.6em; line-height: 1.4; user-select: text !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">14、 什么是建筑总高度？ </strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">答：建筑总高度指室外地坪至檐口顶部的总高度。 <br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">15、 什么是标高？什么是绝对标高、相对标高？ </strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">答：（1）、建筑物的某一部位与确定的水基准点的高差，称为该部位的标高。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">（2）、绝对标高亦称海拔高度，我国把青岛附近黄海的平均海平面定为绝对标高的零点，全国各地的标高均以此为基准。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">（3）、相对标高是以建筑物的首层室内主要房间的地面为零点（+ 0.00），表示某处距首层地面的高度。</section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0.8em 1em; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; font-size: 1em; box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 0.6em; line-height: 1.4; user-select: text !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">16、 什么是建筑面积、使用面积、使用率？什么是交通面积、结构面积？ </strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: normal; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">答：</p><p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: normal; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">（1）、建筑面积指建筑物长度、宽度的外包尺寸的乘积再乘以层数。它由使用面积、交通面积和结构面积组成。</p>（2）、使用面积指主要使用房间和辅助使用房间的净面积（净面积为轴线尺寸减去墙厚所得的净尺寸的乘积）。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">（3）、使用率亦称得房率，指使用面积占建筑面积的百分数。 <br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">（4）、交通面积指走道、楼梯间、电梯间等交通联系设施的净面积。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">（5）、结构面积指墙体、柱所占的面积。</section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0.8em 1em; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; font-size: 1em; box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 0.6em; line-height: 1.4; user-select: text !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">17、 什么是红线？ </strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">答：红线指规划部门批给建设单位的占地面积，一般用红笔圈在图纸上，具有法律效力。 <br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">18、 建筑物如何划分等级？ </strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">答：建筑物的等级是依据耐久等级（使用年限）和耐火等级（耐火年限）进行划分的。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">（1）、按耐久等级划分，共分为四级：一级，耐久年限100年以上；二级，耐久年限50~100年；三级，耐久年限25~50年；四级，耐久年限15年以下。 <br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">（2）、按耐火等级划分，共分为四级：从一级到四级，建筑物的耐火能力逐步降低。</section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0.8em 1em; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; font-size: 1em; box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 0.6em; line-height: 1.4; user-select: text !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">19、 什么是砖混结构？ </strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">答：房屋的竖向承重构件采用砖墙或砖柱，水平承重构件采用钢筋混凝土楼板、屋顶板，此类结构形式叫砖混结构。 <br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">20、 什么是框架结构？ </strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">答：框架结构指由柱子、纵向梁、横向梁、楼板等构成的骨架作为承重结构，墙体是围护结构。 <br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">21、 什么是剪力墙？ </strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">答：剪力墙指在框架结构内增设的抵抗水平剪切力的墙体。因高层建筑所要抵抗的水平剪力主要是地震引起，故剪力墙又称抗震墙。</section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0.8em 1em; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; font-size: 1em; box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 0.6em; line-height: 1.4; user-select: text !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">22、 什么是框架剪力墙结构？ </strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">答：框架剪力墙结构指竖向荷载由框架和剪力墙共同承担；水平荷载由框架承受20%~30%，剪力墙承受70%~80%的结构。剪力墙长度按每建筑平方米50mm的标准设计。 <br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">23、 什么是全剪力墙结构？</strong> <br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">答：全剪力墙结构是利用建筑物的内墙（或内外墙）作为承重骨架，来承受建筑物竖向荷载和水平荷载的结构。</section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0.8em 1em; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; font-size: 1em; box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 0.6em; line-height: 1.4; user-select: text !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">24、 什么是筒体结构？ </strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">答：筒体结构由框架-剪力墙结构与全剪力墙结构综合演变和发展而来。筒体结构是将剪力墙或密柱框架集中到房屋的内部和外围而形成的空间封闭式的筒体。其特点是剪力墙集中而获得较大的自由分割空间，多用于写字楼建筑。 <br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">25、 什么是钢结构？ </strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">答：钢结构是建筑物的主要承重构件由钢材构成的结构。具有自重轻、强度高、延性好、施工快、抗震性好的特点。钢结构多用于超高层建筑，造价较高。</section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0.8em 1em; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; font-size: 1em; box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 0.6em; line-height: 1.4; user-select: text !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">26、 与砖混结构相比，框架结构有何优、缺点？ </strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: normal; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">答：</p><p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: normal; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">优点：</strong>（1）、自重轻：砖混结构自重为1500公斤/平方米；框架结构如采用轻板（加气混凝土隔墙、轻钢龙骨隔墙等）的自重为400公斤~600公斤/平方米，仅为砖混结构的1/3。</p>（2）、房间布置灵活：框架结构的承重结构为框架本身，墙板只起围护和分隔作用，因而布置比较灵活。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">（3）、增加了有效面积：框架结构墙体较砖混结构薄，相对的增加了房屋的使用面积。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">缺点：</strong>（1）、用钢量比砖混结构高出约30%，与砖混结构相比，造价偏高。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">（2）、部分柱子截面尺寸过大，会凸出墙外，影响美观。</section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0.8em 1em; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; font-size: 1em; box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 0.6em; line-height: 1.4; user-select: text !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">27、 地基和基础有什么区别？ </strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">答：（1）、地基是基础下面的土层，它的作用是承受基础传来的全部荷载。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">（2）、基础是建筑物埋在地面以下的承重构件，是建筑物的重要组成部分，它的作用是承受建筑物传下来的全部荷载，并将这些荷载连同自重传给下面的土层。 <br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">28、 什么是基础埋深？什么是深基础、浅基础？</strong> <br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">答：（1）、基础埋深是指从室外设计地坪至基础底面的垂直距离。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">（2）、埋深大于等于5米的基础称为深基础；埋深在0.5米~5米之间的基础称为浅基础。基础埋深不得浅于0.5米。</section></fieldset></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0.8em 1em; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; font-size: 1em; box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 0.6em; line-height: 1.4; user-select: text !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">29、 建筑物的基础可按哪三种不同的方法分类？ </strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">答：（1）、按使用材料分：可分为砖基础、毛石基础、混凝土基础、钢筋混凝土基础等。 <br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">（2）、按构造形式分：可分为独立基础、条形基础、井格基础、板式基础、筏形基础、箱形基础、桩基础等。 <br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">（3）、按使用材料受力特点分：可分为刚性基础和柔性基础。</section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0.8em 1em; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; font-size: 1em; box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 0.6em; line-height: 1.4; user-select: text !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">30、 什么是防潮层？ </strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">答：为了防止地下潮气沿墙体上升和地表水对墙面的侵蚀，采用防水材料将下部墙体与上部墙体隔开，这个阻断层就是防潮层。防潮层的位置一般在首层室内地面（+0.00）下60mm~70mm处，及标高-0.06m~-0.07m处。</section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0.8em 1em; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; font-size: 1em; box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 0.6em; line-height: 1.4; user-select: text !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">31、 什么是勒脚？什么是踢脚？其作用各是什么？</strong> <br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">答：（1）、外墙墙身下部靠近室外地坪的部分叫勒脚。勒脚的作用是防止地面水、屋檐滴下的雨水的侵蚀，从而保护墙面，保证室内干燥，提高建筑物的耐久性。勒脚的高度一般为室内地坪与室外地坪的高差。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">（2）、踢脚是外墙内侧和内墙两侧与室内地坪交接处的构造。踢脚的作用是防止扫地时污染墙面。踢脚的高度一般在120mm~150mm。</section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0.8em 1em; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; font-size: 1em; box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 0.6em; line-height: 1.4; user-select: text !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">32、 什么是散水？什么是明沟？其作用是什么？ </strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">答：散水是靠近勒脚下部的排水坡；明沟是靠近勒脚下部设置的排水沟。它们的作用都是为了迅速排除从屋檐滴下的雨水，防止因积水渗入地基而造成建筑物的下沉。</section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0.8em 1em; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; font-size: 1em; box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 0.6em; line-height: 1.4; user-select: text !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1.房屋结构的类型： </strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">钢结构：</strong>是指承重的主要构件是用钢材料建造的，包括悬索结构。 <br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">钢、钢筋混凝土结构：</strong>是指承重的主要构件是用钢、钢筋混凝土建造的。 <br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">钢筋混凝土结构：</strong>是指承重的主要构件是用钢筋混凝土建造的。包括薄壳结构、大模板现浇结构及使用滑模、升板等建造的钢筋混凝土结构的建筑物。 <br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">混合结构：</strong>是指承重的主要构件是用钢筋混凝土和砖木建造的。如一幢房屋的梁是用钢筋混凝土制成，以砖墙为承重墙，或者梁是用木材建造，柱是用钢筋混凝土建造。 <br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">砖木结构：</strong>是指承重的主要构件是用砖、木材建造的。如一幢房屋是木制房架、砖墙、木柱建造的。 <br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">其他结构：</strong>是指凡不属于上述结构的房屋都归此类。如竹结构、砖拱结构、窑洞等。</section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0.8em 1em; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; font-size: 1em; box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 0.6em; line-height: 1.4; user-select: text !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2.一个建筑物都有哪些部分组成？ </strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">主要是承重构件，基础，墙，楼面层，地坪，楼梯，屋顶，门窗，还有其他的附带构件阳台，雨蓬，烟筒，散水等。</section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0.8em 1em; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; font-size: 1em; box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 0.6em; line-height: 1.4; user-select: text !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3.建筑里常用的建筑材料都有什么？ </strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">是水泥，石灰，石膏，混凝土，沙，砖，砌块，钢材，沥青，木头，石头等还有些防水材料，吸声隔声的装饰材料。其中主要的是混凝土，水泥，砌块，钢筋，沙为主要。如果水是算材料的话，水也是很重要的。</section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin: 0.8em 1em; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; font-size: 1em; box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 0.6em; line-height: 1.4; user-select: text !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">4.结构里主要构件有什么？ </strong><br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;">板（预制，现浇，楼梯板，屋面板等），梁（框架梁，简支梁，圈梁，过梁，楼梯梁等），柱子（框架柱子，构造柱，暗柱等），墙（承重墙，非承重墙，剪力墙等），基础（条形基础，独立基础，桩基础）。</section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 0px; user-select: text !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 0.1em; border: 1px solid rgb(71, 193, 168); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; border-radius: 50%; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; line-height: 1; font-size: 2em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bolder; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(71, 193, 168); user-select: text !important;">3</section><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="margin-left: 0.3em; border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; user-select: text !important;"><p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(42, 52, 58); font-size: 21px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">房地产专业术语</span></p></section></fieldset></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1、房地产：</strong>房产与地产的合称，是不动产。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2、五证二书:</strong>《建设用地规划许可证》、《国土使用证》、《建设工程规划许可证》、《施工许可证》、《预售许可证》、《商品房质量保证书》、《商品房使用说明书》<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3、商品房：</strong>专门用以买卖的房屋。有产权保障，可自由出租抵押。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">4、商住房：</strong>即可用于住家使用，也可以用于办公的商品房。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">5、集资房：</strong>由单位统一筹集各需要住房的客户资金，而建造之房屋，通常仅有一整栋的一张产权证，客户没有单独的产权证。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">6、安居房：</strong>﹙经济实用房=安居房﹚是指以中低收入家庭住房困难户为供应对象，并按国家住宅建设标准﹙不含别墅、高级公寓、外销住宅﹚建设的普通住宅。﹙其实行的是土地无偿划拔，住户只拥有该土地的使用权，如需办理国土证，则要另外出资，并享受政府扶持税费减半征收。其房价由政府部门核定，利润只能在3%以下。﹚<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">7、跃层：</strong>是一套住宅占两个楼层，有内部楼梯联系上下层。﹙一般在首层安排起居室、厨房、餐厅、卫生间，二层安排卧室、书房、卫生间。﹚<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">8、复式：</strong>概念上是一层，并不具备完整的两层空间，但层高比普通住宅高，可在局部分出夹层，安排卧室或书房等，用楼梯联系上下。﹙夹层在底层的投影面积只占底层面积的一部分，夹层和底层之间有视线上的交流和空间上的流通。﹚9、错层：纵向或横向剖面中，楼层的几部分之间楼地面高低错开。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">10、标准层：</strong>平面布置相同的住宅楼层。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">11、高层：</strong>8层以上，带有电梯，钢筋混凝土结构<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">12、多层：</strong>7层以下，一般不带电梯，砖混结构<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">13、骑楼：</strong>有雨遮之一楼直道部分<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">14、裙楼：</strong>指建筑体底部较庞大之建筑体，常用于商业、办公<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">15、承重墙：</strong>承受房屋重力的墙，不可任意拆改、破坏<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">16、非承重墙：</strong>一般情况下仅承受自重的墙。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">17、剪力墙：</strong>承受地震力的钢筋混凝土墙<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">18、隔墙：</strong>用以隔断空间的墙，一般不承重<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">19、结构墙：</strong>主要承受侧向力或地震作用，并保持结构整体稳定的承重墙，又称剪力墙、抗震墙等。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">20、框架结构：</strong>由梁和柱以刚接和铰接相连接成承重体系的房屋建筑结构。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">21、消防电梯：</strong>专门用以消防灭火电梯，有抽烟排风功能<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">22、客梯：</strong>住户人流用梯有相配套安全配置保障<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">23、货梯：</strong>用以运送货物电梯<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">24、管道井：</strong>用以布置各类管道的空间井道<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">25、井筒：</strong>指大楼电梯、步梯、管道、公共厕所、茶水间集中的地方<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">26、空气流动：</strong>空内通风对流通畅，自然对流的换气能力<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">27、采光：</strong>获得光亮，直接接受自然光线和亮度<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">28、通风：</strong>风(空气)之来源、去路。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">29、进深：</strong>房间长度方向叫进深，宽度方向叫开间<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">30、层高：</strong>上、下楼面之间的距离<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">31、建筑密度</strong>=建筑占地面积/建筑用地面积<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">32、社区公摊：</strong>建筑物每户都会直接使用及间接使用的公用部分<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">33、套内公摊：</strong>本楼层住户直接使用及间接使用的公用部分<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">34、期房和现房：</strong>项目刚开发或开发阶段叫期房，项目完全建成，经验收合格后叫现房。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">35、封顶：</strong>指结构体完成<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">36、交房：</strong>交付房钥匙给客户使用<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">37、国土使用证：</strong>准许某工地所属使用土地的证明<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">38、建设产权证：</strong>用以证明房屋拥有权所属的证件<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">39、抗震烈度：</strong>建筑抗震设计安全设防标准<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">40、天花板：</strong>即室内顶部楼板<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">41、底板：</strong>二楼之底板即为一楼之天花板的背面<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">42、卫浴三大件：</strong>洗脸盆、浴盒、坐式马桶<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">43、厨具五大件：</strong>洗涤池、料理台、吊柜、灶台、抽油烟机<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">44、过道：</strong>住宅套内使用的水平交通空间。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">45、走廊：</strong>住宅套外使用的水平交通空间。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">46、净高：</strong>楼面或地面至上部楼板底面若吊顶底面之间的垂直距离。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">47、造型：</strong>建筑物外观.<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">48、室内配置：</strong>指房间/客厅/浴厕/厨房/阳台之位置排列，使之动线简捷便利，私密性，通风采光等。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">49、格局：</strong>单元内分割情况，指一户房屋之屋型方正或属长形、不方正、异形。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">50、私密性：</strong>指私生活之隐私性(动静分区，栋距要宽)。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">51、座向：</strong>指房屋之方向(朝南、东佳，朝北次之，朝西最差)。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">52、景观：</strong>指观看景色之视野。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">53、临街：</strong>建筑物前后左右临之道路或巷子(临街巷道要宽畅销)。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">54、栋距：</strong>建筑物与建筑物之间的临栋间隔距离(宽/应最少8米)。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">55、阳台：</strong>直上方设有遮盖物者(封闭阳台算全面积，半封闭阳台算半面积)。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">56、露台：</strong>直上方没有任何屋厅遮盖物之平面。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">57、单元式高层住宅：</strong>由多个住宅单元组合而成，每单元均设有楼梯、电梯的高层住宅。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">58、塔式高层住宅：</strong>以共用楼梯、电梯为核心布置多套住房的高层住宅。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">59、通廊式高层住宅：</strong>由共用楼梯、电梯通过内、外廊进入各套住房的高层住宅。60、小区布局形式：行列式、围合式、组团式。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">61、建筑形式：</strong>塔式、板式、墙式。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">62、窗：</strong>落地窗、阳光窗、转角飘窗、弧形窗、天窗<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">63、生地：</strong>待开发的国有土地。这类土地主要指离城镇较远，无市政基础设施、未开发的土地。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">64、毛地：</strong>已有地上建筑物及附属设施的国有土地叫毛地。这类土地原指地上原有建筑物、附属设施将被改建的土地。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">65、熟地：</strong>已完成市政基础建设的国有土地叫熟地，这类土地主要是指完成七通一平的土地。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">66、三通一平：</strong>三通指水通、电通、路通、场地平整。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">67、七通一平：</strong>通上水、通下水、通电力、通电讯、通煤气、通交通、通热力、场地平整。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">68、土地出让：</strong>国家将国有土地的一定使用权出让给土地使用者，并由土地使用者给国家支付一定金额的行为。一般有协议、招标、拍卖三种方式。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">69、土地划拨：</strong>持县级以上的政府依法规将土地划拨给土地使用者无限期使用的一种形式。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">房屋建筑的构造：</strong>由基础、墙体、梁、板、柱、屋顶、楼盖、楼梯和门窗、阳台、雨蓬等部分组成。</p></section></fieldset><fieldset class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209); outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 239); user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">70、起价：</strong>目前销售中最低的单价。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">71、均价：</strong>楼盘所有单元价格总和平均之后的价格。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">72、最高价：</strong>目前销售中最高的价格。<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">73、一口价：</strong>不分楼层，不分朝向的价格<br class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"><p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">74、银行按揭：</strong>以商品房抵押的形式向银行申请贷款，并在规定的年限内以月供形式向银行偿还贷款</p></section></fieldset><p style="border: none; outline: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; user-select: text !important;"></p><section style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 28.4444px; user-select: text !important;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: text !important;"></section></section><p></p>
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